Goodwin theory

 Andrew Goodwin believed that applying Todorov's ideas to pop music videos will not work. It is mainly because they approach in a different way to films and novels. 

There are three main aspects in total which make the best pop video, in Goodwin's opinion. 

1.  A relationship between lyrics and visuality:  So it is all about the way in which the lyrics are working with the associations. And how it all works with the narrative and how the narrative was formed. So, in this technique, the message has to be shown clearly. 

A good example of it can be a video for Ellie Goulding's song -- Burn that was released in 2013

Throughout the whole video, there is a reference to everything Ellie sings about. 

For example when there are lyrics of "we gonna let is burn" we get a shot where there are a lot of lights behind the artist. This represents what she was singing

 

  2. A relationship between the music and the visuality -- The way in which the visual elements of the video are working with the text, it is similar to the first one, however, here the video mostly just tries to tell the story from the song/music. 

A good example of it can be the video for the song "Trees" by Twenty One Pilots that came out in early 2018.

In this video, we have the whole story shown within 4 minutes of the video. It is in some way like a film. It shows the story behind the song. 

The story in this video is about two girls who escaped their city and their life after that.

The story also includes some flashbacks, which where it is clear that the video is connected more to the meaning of the song than to the lyrics fit. 

  

      3. The third one is very closely connected to the second one and it is the fact that the narrative has to work nicely with the mixture of the following things: 1) lyrics; 2) music and the visuality 

As well as these three aspects there are the other three which are equally important. In fact, they are even more important and crucial for a good music video. 

   1. Voygerism -- is the objectification of any sex in the music video. It is mainly made for the audience to spot it, it highlights some things for the audience. Most common to find women in the music video objectified by men than the other way round.

A good example of it is the video for the song "Criminal" by Britney Spears.

In this video, it is clear that the woman has been objectified in the beginning. 

We can clearly see it from the facial expressions of the woman. That she has to be silent 

   2. Star image -- referring to the member of the band/artist who is shown in a video as the main character in a way. It is very common to put the main focus on a singer. It is made in order to get the singer's face out into the public, so everyone would know how does the artist looks like. 

A good example of it can be the video for the song "21 Guns" by The Green Day. 

In this music video, we actually get a mixture of Star Image and the relationship between music, lyrics, and visuality. 

In this two screenshot there is a represent`tion of the connection between lyrics and visuality. 

However, in the middle of these parts of this music video, there are interruptions of the parts when the band, especially frontman, singer shown 

 

     3. The genre --  making sure that the video highlights the genre. For example, if the genre of the song is rock, then it is least likely that the video will include any pastel or light colours and the other way round. You will not be able to find a music video of Taylor Swift where she is in all black clothes and has dark make-up. Or I would never see anyone from the AC/DC wearing something fluffy and bright colored.